home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Wayzata World Factbook 1996
/
The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
/
mac
/
TEXT
/
terror
/
NLA
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1996-01-11
|
8KB
|
230 lines
National Liberation Army (ELN)--Colombia
Description
Rural-based, anti-US, Maoist-Marxist-Leninist guerrilla group formed in
1963. Attempted peace talks with the government ended in May 1992.
Activities
Periodically kidnaps foreign employees of large corporations and holds them
for large ransom payments. Conducts frequent assaults on oil infrastructure
and has inflicted major damage on pipelines since 1986. Extortion and
bombings against US and other foreign businesses, especially the petroleum
industry.
Strength
Has fallen off in recent years and now estimated at only about 700
combatants.
Location/Area of Operation
Colombia.
External Aid
None.
23 February 1993
Colombia
Eight ELN terrorists kidnapped U.S. citizen Lewis Manning, an employee of the
Colombian gold-mining company Oresom, in the Choco area. In December, the
International Committee of the Red Cross received a photograph of the hostage
as proof that he was still alive.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JANUARY, 1980:
KIDNAPPED AN ENGLISHWOMAN AND HER SON FROM THEIR FARM IN CESAR
DEPARTMENT, DEMANDING A $300,000 RANSOM.
JANUARY, 1982:
KIDNAPPED A DIPLOMAT ATTACHED TO THE EMBASSY OF HONDURAS IN
BOGOTA TO PROTEST ALLEGED HONDURAN INTERFERENCE IN THE DOMESTIC
AFFAIRS OF NICARAGUA AND EL SALVADOR.
JULY, 1983:
CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A SERIES OF DYNAMITE ATTACKS IN COLOMBIA
AS PART OF "OPERATION FREE CENTRAL AMERICA." THE SALVADORAN
CONSULATE IN MEDELLIN AND TWO LOCAL POLICE OFFICES WERE THE
TARGETS.
NOVEMBER, 1983:
KIDNAPPED THE BROTHER OF THE PRESIDENT OF COLOMBIA; BUT AFTER FIDEL
CASTRO INTERVENED, THE VICTIM WAS RETURNED UNHARMED FIFTEEN DAYS
LATER.
MAY, 1984:
SIX ELN MEMBERS RAIDED A GOLD MINE NEAR THE NORTHWESTERN TOWN OF
SEGOVIA AND SEIZED THE EQUIVALENT OF ALMOST $90,000.
JUNE, 1985:
AMBUSHED AND KILLED EIGHT POLICEMEN NEAR THE VENEZUELAN BORDER.
NOVEMBER, 1986:
BOMBED A DREDGE IN THE NECHI RIVER IN COLOMBIA AND TEMPORARILY
PARALYZED GOLD PRODUCTION IN THE AREA.
DECEMBER, 1986:
MADE NUMEROUS RAIDS AGAINST U.S.- ASSOCIATED OIL PRODUCTION
SUBSIDIARIES, DESTROYING EQUIPMENT AND STEALING EXPLOSIVES.
JANUARY-JUNE, 1987:
CONTINUED TO TARGET COLOMBIA'S OIL PRODUCTION BY BLOWING UP
SECTIONS OF PIPELINE AND ATTACKING OIL CAMPS. DURING THIS PERIOD,
THE ELN MAY HAVE ATTAINED THE LEADERSHIP POSITION WITHIN THE
NATIONAL GUERRILLA COORDINATOR, REPLACING M-19.
APRIL-AUGUST, 1987:
BOMBED OIL OPERATION LOCATIONS AND U.S.-COLOMBIAN TARGETS, CAUSING
CONSIDERABLE PROPERTY DAMAGE.
JUNE, 1987:
AMBUSHED A VENEZUELAN NATIONAL GUARD UNIT ON AN ANTI-NARCOTICS
MISSION NEAR THE COLOMBIAN BORDER.
SEPTEMBER, 1987:
ATTACKED A VENEZUELAN ARMY BORDER OUTPOST TO CAPTURE WEAPONS.
OCTOBER, 1987:
BOMBED THREE MORMON CHURCHES IN BOYACA AND A NAVAL FACILITY IN
BARRANCABERMEJA.
NOVEMBER, 1987:
MURDERED SEVENTEEN POLICEMEN AND FOUR SOLDIERS IN SEPARATE
AMBUSHES.
FEBRUARY, 1988:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB AT THE BOGOTA OFFICE OF A U.S. PETROLEUM
COMPANY.
MARCH, 1988:
BOMBED A COLOMBIAN SUBSIDIARY OF A MAJOR U.S. BANKING FIRM IN
BOGOTA.
MAY, 1988:
KIDNAPPED THE GERMAN HONORARY CONSULS IN MEDELLIN AND
BUCARAMANGA, THE PRESIDENT OF THE SANTANDER DEPARTMENTAL ASSEMBLY
IN BUCARAMANGA, THREE COLOMBIA JOURNALISTS IN BUCARAMANGA, THE
FRENCH PRESS ATTACHE IN BOGOTA. FAILED TO CARRY OUT PLAN TO KIDNAP
THE FRENCH HONORARY COUNSEL IN CALI AND THE PANAMANIAN CONSUL
GENERAL IN CARTAGENA. ALL HOSTAGES RELEASED UNHARMED DURING MAY,
1988.
JUNE, 1988:
KIDNAPPED AN AMERICAN EMPLOYEE OF AN AMERICAN COMPANY. RELEASED
UNHARMED IN NOVEMBER, 1988 AFTER REPORTED PAYMENT OF RANSOM.
SEPTEMBER, 1988
DETONATED A CAR BOMB UNDER THE ARMORED VEHICLE OF A CANADIAN
OIL COMPANY EXECUTIVE IN DOWNTOWN BOGOTA. THE TARGET WAS UNHURT,
BUT A PASSERBY WAS SERIOUSLY INJURED.
OCTOBER, 1988:
TOWNS ATTACKED IN JOINT OPERATION WITH THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED
FORCES OF COLOMBIA (FARC). AT LEAST THREE POLICE OFFICERS AND ONE
CIVILIAN WERE KILLED. FIFTEEN POLICE OFFICERS, A PRIEST AND A NUN
WERE KIDNAPPED.
OCTOBER, 1988:
KIDNAPPED A COLOMBIAN ANTHROPOLOGIST OF AMERICAN ORIGIN IN A
NORTHERN JUNGLE AREA. THE VICTIM HAD BEEN ACCUSED OF BEING A CIA
AGENT BECAUSE OF HIS WORK WITH THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION. HE WAS
RELEASED UNHARMED IN JULY, 1989.
DECEMBER, 1988:
TOWN ATTACKED - ONE POLICE OFFICER AND THREE CIVILIANS WERE KILLED.
FEBRUARY, 1989:
TOWN ATTACKED IN A JOINT OPERATION WITH THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMED
FORCES OF COLOMBIA (FARC) AND THE POPULAR LIBERATION ARMY (EPL).
FIVE POLICE OFFICERS WERE KILLED AND ELEVEN POLICE OFFICERS WERE
KIDNAPPED.
MARCH, 1989:
KIDNAPPED AN AMERICAN FROM HER FAMILY'S RANCH. RELEASED UNHURT IN
JUNE, 1989 AFTER A RANSOM PAYMENT.
MARCH, 1989:
KIDNAPPED THE CHAIRMAN OF THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF COLOMBIAN OIL
DISTRIBUTORS. STATUS REMAINS UNKNOWN.
APRIL, 1989:
KIDNAPPED FOUR SPANISH AND ITALIAN ENGINEERS EMPLOYED AT A
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT. STATUS REMAINS UNKNOWN.
APRIL, 1989:
KIDNAPPED FIVE COLOMBIAN JOURNALISTS. RELEASED WITHIN A WEEK WITH
A MESSAGE TO THE PUBLIC.
JUNE, 1989:
KIDNAPPED TWO COLOMBIAN AND ONE SPANISH JOURNALISTS. THEIR STATUS
REMAINS UNKNOWN.
OCTOBER, 1989:
KIDNAPPED A SPANISH BUSINESSMAN IN QUITO, ECUADOR. THE VICTIM HAD
EXTENSIVE BUSINESS HOLDINGS IN COLOMBIA. RELEASED AFTER A RANSOM
WAS REPORTEDLY PAID.
OCTOBER, 1989:
TOWNS ATTACKED IN JOINT OPERATIONS WITH FARC AND THE EPL.
DECEMBER, 1989:
KIDNAPPED A BRITISH CITIZEN RESIDENT IN COLOMBIA WHO WAS INVOLVED
IN SUPPLYING ELECTRICAL POWER SUBSTATIONS TO OIL COMPANIES. HIS
STATUS REMAINS UNKNOWN.
FEBRUARY, 1990:
KIDNAPPED THREE RESIDENT AMERICANS AS A PROTEST TO THE
ATTENDANCE OF PRESIDENT BUSH TO THE CARTAGENA DRUG SUMMIT.
VICTIMS RELEASED UNHARMED APPROXIMATELY TWO WEEKS AFTER THEY
HAD BEEN ABDUCTED.
MAY, 1990:
ATTACKED A CANADIAN-OWNED GOLD MINE NEAR ZARAGOZA, KILLED A
COLOMBIAN ENGINEER AND KIDNAPPED THREE COMPANY EXECUTIVES (TWO
COLOMBIANS AND A PERUVIAN). THE ELN PROMISED TO RELEASE THEIR
HOSTAGES IF THE COMPANY WOULD CLOSE ITS DOORS. THE COMPANY
STATED ITS INTENTION TO COMPLY AND THE HOSTAGES WERE RELEASED
UNHARMED TWO WEEKS AFTER THEY HAD BEEN ABDUCTED.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
KIDNAPPED TWO COLOMBIAN AND THREE AMERICAN EMPLOYEES OF AN
AMERICAN COMPANY. ONE COLOMBIAN WAS QUICKLY RELEASED WITH A
MESSAGE TO THE AUTHORITIES. THE OTHER VICTIMS WERE RELEASED
UNHARMED SEVERAL DAYS LATER AFTER THE REPORTED PAYMENT OF RANSOM.
JANUARY, 1991:
CONDUCTED A JOINT ATTACK WITH FARC ON A MAJOR FRENCH-COLOMBIAN
OIL PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT. FORTY VEHICLES AND PIECES OF
HEAVY MACHINERY WERE DESTROYED, THE COLOMBIAN SECURITY CHIEF WAS
KILLED, AND THREE FRENCH ENGINEERS WERE KIDNAPPED. THEY WERE
RELEASED UNHARMED IN JULY, 1991.
MAY, 1991:
KIDNAPPED SEVEN COLOMBIAN JOURNALISTS. THREE DAYS AFTER THEY WERE
ABDUCTED, THE SEVEN WERE RELEASED AFTER BEING "INSTRUCTED."
SEPTEMBER, 1991:
MURDERED A SECURITY GUARD EMPLOYED BY A U.S. COMPANY.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTE
THE ELN HAS A LONG-STANDING STRATEGY OF CONDUCTING OPERATIONS
AGAINST THE ENERGY SECTOR. ITS OBJECTIVE IS TWO-FOLD: TO
DEPRIVE THE GOVERNMENT OF REVENUES AND TO DRIVE OUT FOREIGN
FIRMS WHICH SYMBOLIZE COLOMBIA'S ALLEGED SUBSERVIENCE TO
"IMPERIALISM." MANY OF THE ELN'S ATTACKS HAVE TARGETED THE
CANO LIMON-COVENAS CRUDE OIL PIPELINE. THESE ATTACKS HAVE
BEEN SO NUMEROUS THAT IT WOULD BE UNWIELDY TO LIST THEM
INDIVIDUALLY.
YEAR PIPELINE ATTACKS
1987 10
1988 52
1989 32
1990 31
1991 60
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS DERIVED FROM STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.